Detailed Composition of a Conventional Lathe
A conventional lathe, also known as an engine lathe, is one of the most widely used machine tools in manufacturing. It works by rotating a workpiece while a cutting tool is applied to it. Below is a detailed description of the main components of a conventional lathe with English and Chinese translations.
| ID | Name | Function |
| A | Spindle Axis | Central axis of rotation ensuring alignment. |
| B | Headstock | Contains the spindle and drive mechanism. |
| C | Chuck | Holds and rotates the workpiece. |
| D | Compound Tool Post | Mounts and adjusts cutting tools. |
| E | Cross Slide | Controls radial feed movement (X-axis). |
| F | Apron | Drives carriage along Z-axis; controls feed. |
| G | Bed Ways | Guides and supports carriage and tailstock. |
| H | Feed Rod | Transmits power for normal feed. |
| I | Lead Screw | Drives synchronized feed for thread cutting. |
| J | Tailstock | Supports the end of long workpieces. |
| K | Quill / Center | Holds centers or tools for axial operations. |
| L | Base / Chip Pan | Supports the lathe and collects chips. |
| M | Coolant / Lubrication System | Cools and lubricates the cutting process. |
| N | Feed Gearbox | Changes feed rate and thread pitch ratios. |
