Detailed Composition of a Conventional Lathe

Bymachinetool

A conventional lathe, also known as an engine lathe, is one of the most widely used machine tools in manufacturing. It works by rotating a workpiece while a cutting tool is applied to it. Below is a detailed description of the main components of a conventional lathe with English and Chinese translations.

ID Name Function
A Spindle Axis Central axis of rotation ensuring alignment.
B Headstock Contains the spindle and drive mechanism.
C Chuck Holds and rotates the workpiece.
D Compound Tool Post Mounts and adjusts cutting tools.
E Cross Slide Controls radial feed movement (X-axis).
F Apron Drives carriage along Z-axis; controls feed.
G Bed Ways Guides and supports carriage and tailstock.
H Feed Rod Transmits power for normal feed.
I Lead Screw Drives synchronized feed for thread cutting.
J Tailstock Supports the end of long workpieces.
K Quill / Center Holds centers or tools for axial operations.
L Base / Chip Pan Supports the lathe and collects chips.
M Coolant / Lubrication System Cools and lubricates the cutting process.
N Feed Gearbox Changes feed rate and thread pitch ratios.

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